The discovery of water, fossil possible, organic compounds and to publish a review of the Viking 1 and 2 label (LR) life detection experiments suggest that the probability of past and present life on Mars more than possible.
In fact, per Gilbert V. Levin, Ph.D., 1976 Creator of life detection experiments Viking LR results clearly show"; microbial life in the upper layer of the surface of Mars.
With this in mind, a scientific name has already been given to this present day microbial extraterrestrial life - Gillevinia strata.
Beginning in 1976, a number of experiments aimed at detecting life were performed on board the Viking Landers. A diluted aqueous solution of seven radiotagged nutrients (formate, glycolate, glycine, D-alanine, L-alanine, D-lactate, and L-lactate), ingredients shown to be metabolized by the broadest possible types of microorganisms to samples of Martian soil placed in test cells within each of the landers.
Strong positive results were found in all nine tests.
With the degree of the fluctuations in emitted gas greater than could be accounted for by the most likely non-biological means it appeared that ingestion of the radioactive marker, metabolism, and release of a resultant byproduct was the most plausible explanation.
In addition, after reviewing the Mars LR data in 2001, a biologist from discovered University of Southern California Joseph Miller, what he believes were circadian rhythms (pattern biological activity) synchronized Martian day (day-night 24. 66 hour) cycles.
It should be noted that these oscillations were in all the physiological and metabolic processes in living organisms, in the case of probable Martian microbes, through the injection of culture medium (time-bore) found to be stimulated.
Upon injection of the radiolabeled nutrients, a pronounced shift in circadium rhythm was detected indicative of a biosignature when a non-linear approach was utilized.
Although possible contamination cannot be ruled out, all of the reasons used to dismiss the discovery of Martian microbes have now proven to be invalid.
Ever since the Mariner missions of the late 1960s exploration has shown that Mars was once wet, warm, and verdant with ancient rivers, lakes, and an ocean.
Since then it has been shown that is dominated by water, an essential ingredient for life under the Martian surface, a land of ice, and can be found in the Martian terrain.
On July 31, 2008 lab tests conducted aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander detected the presence of liquid water in a sample of soil taken from a two inches deep trench.
In addition, Pathfinder found that the surface atmosphere of Mars exceeds 68 degrees Fahrenheit during parts of the day providing transient conditions for the presence of liquid water.
The team stated that MGS' photos showed thousands of dark dune spots, ranging in size from 30 feet to several hundred yards, similar to organisms found near the Earth's South Pole, in craters in Mars' snowy southern polar region.
Couple claims that stain living organisms were probably in March the ice surface.
"These spots indicate that on the surface below the ice there are such organisms which, absorbing solar energy, are able to melt the ice and create conditions of life for themselves," Ganti told Reuters.
During the harsh Martian winter, when temperatures are less than-328 degrees Fahrenheit Lot, these so-called Martian surface organisms by a thick layer of ice that protect at temperatures then melts, beginning summer the planet rises just above zero.
These are dried-out organisms which can reactivate themselves once the colder, icy season sets in again.
Every spring,.; David Leonard wrote in an article in the space.com, "[the Hungarians] report, 'gray fuzzy spots' appear in the bottom of the ice cover.
By early summer defrosting, the naked dark soil of the dune is visible, and surrounded by a lighter ring.
This repeat action, the team asserts, strengthens their suggestion of fixed, biological causes of spot formations" strongly suggesting "the life cycle of some kind of plant life.
Instead, he attributed the cause to jets of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) bursting from the planet's polar cap as the Martian climate warmed each spring resulting dust and sand to fall to the surface in large splotches.
A detailed analysis of all the Viking Lander images revealed colored spots on many of the rocks and colored areas of the surface ranging from ochre to yellow to olive and green.
Liquid Spectral analysis of digital places comported closely to that of images of lichen-bearing rocks.
Addition, green spots on the rocks were high for 0.
1 to 1 mm above the background surface.
Lichens, the pioneers of vegetation [for the circadian rhythm, characterized from the Mars Release experiment was consistent or similar microorganisms colonial"; were " known when survive; only source of atmospheric water vapor ", as is the case with Mars.
The premise that lichens may have or currently exist on Mars is not far-fetched.
In this experiment, two species of lichens (Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans) surived open exposure in space for the 14.
Also in 2005, two NASA scientists - Carol Stoker and Larry Lemke - made a case for the existence of Martian life during a presentation.
They also pointed out that the presence of methane in Mars' atmosphere was indicative of possible underground life since an alternative non-biological explanation could not be offered due to the absence of volcanic activity on the planet.
Along with the presence of methane, concentrations of formaldehyde, and possibly ammonia, additional byproducts of biological metabolism have also been detected in the Martian atmosphere.
Further evidence for the theory of modern life is the presence of Martian desert varnish or coatings on some rocks on the planet that are similar to compounds secreted by microorganisms Country.
Past life also appears to have existed on Mars based on photographs snapped by Opportunity in 2004.
Also clear that a captured; image of a imprint of a body that seems like an old crinoid (a filter feeding marine organisms) that existed 500 million years have already left.
Jack Kallmeyer, author of A Beginner's Guide To Identifying Cincinnatian Crinoids concurred noting that the Martian fossil bore a remarkable similarity to the
Ordovician Crinoid Retercrinus Alvealatus.
Although this fossil was then reduced to powder, is photographic evidence.
In addition, millions of spherical, uniform tiny blue shapes called blueberries that resembled
Pentremite blastoid (a tiny, extinct marine invertebrate) fossils were also discovered.
Though more research is needed to confirm this, the planned 2009 launch of the Mars Science Laboratory now delayed until 2011, aimed at collecting and analyzing Martian soil and rocks for the presence of organic compounds and further evidence indicating the presence of past or present day microbial life, the specter of the existence of extraterrestrial life continues to improve.
living microorganisms in the soil of Mars.